In the recent years, there is a significant increasing number of Internet users in Vietnam. This is due largely to the government’s investment and facilitation of media infrastructures and the country’s economic growth. Not only opening opportunity for a key number of Vietnamese population to access to information worldwide, but the Internet also creates a new challenge to Vietnam’s politics.

Drawn from my ethnographic, documentary, and online researches on Vietnam since the early 2000s, I argue that the Vietnamese, both inside and abroad, are now utilizing the Internet to disseminate ideas and to create activities that illustrate a formation of “civil cyber society.” This paper presents how these online activities or “cyber activism” help creating the current Vietnamese civil society. Given the fact that Vietnam is a totalitarian state, it is challenging to investigate how political participations and social movements in Vietnam are now evolving with the help of cyber activism. Additional questions to be explored are: to what extent does the Vietnamese civil society benefit from the Internet? What tactics are effective and ineffective for the cyber activists? How do the government reacts and controls the cyber activism? To what extent and in which condition the cyber activism are welcomed, avoided, or ignored by the Vietnamese Internet users?